Called to Bear Witness for the Truth

Photo credit: Metro Praise International Church

The apostle Paul says that the church of the living God is the pillar and foundation of the truth (1 Tim. 3:15). What he meant to say is that the church is the instituted organism called and equipped to uphold and proclaim the truth in this world of lies, illusions, and delusions.

As Christ's church we preach the truth. As members of the His church we testify to the truth, defend it, support those who proclaim it and seek to live it out in our daily lives.

But what is this truth we’re called to proclaim and guard? What kind of teachings should be our forte? It should be the apostolic teaching which centers on the gospel, the good news of salvation in and through our Lord Jesus Christ.

After testifying that the church is the pillar and foundation of the truth, Paul goes on to say, “Beyond all question, the mystery from which true godliness springs is great: He appeared in the flesh, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was preached among the nations, was believed on in the world, was taken up in glory” (1 Tim. 3:16).

In this verse, we have what scholars call an early Christian creed that contains the gospel in a nutshell. It’s not the whole apostolic doctrine but a good summary of what they proclaimed. This summary is about Jesus Christ and it contains six truths about Him. (By the way, Paul emphasizes the person and work of Christ a lot in 1 and 2 Timothy. It's probably because it was the doctrine under great attack in the church of Ephesus).

Notice in 1 Timothy 3:16 that what is about to be said is “the mystery of godliness” which is great and is commonly confessed. “Great indeed, we confess, is the mystery of godliness” as the other version says. In other words, it's a common creed of the early believers. Every point of this creed is indeed true!

It is called “the mystery of godliness” not because it is something that is puzzling that no one knows or understands it. Rather, it really means something that was once hidden and has now been revealed. The question is not “What is this mystery?” but “Who is this mystery?” Verse 16 tells us that it is Jesus Christ, the true revelation of godliness – and He has been revealed to us in the pages of the Scripture.

Paul tackles six things here that are at the center of the Christian faith. Briefly let's take a look at these truths.

First, Jesus Christ was manifested in the flesh. Many cults and world religions challenge the basic tenets of Christianity, including the incarnation of Jesus Christ. But what a remarkable fact that Jesus Christ is the living, eternal God in human flesh. The Word of God became flesh and dwelt among us!

Second, Jesus Christ was vindicated in the Spirit. It means His resurrection. The ultimate vindication of Jesus took place when He was raised from the dead by the Spirit of God (Rom.1:4). It could also mean that Jesus was vindicated in His spirit. In other words, although He was fully man, He was sinless and perfect (Heb.4:15).

Third, Jesus was seen by angels. Throughout His earthly ministry, angels ministered to Him. They announced His birth. They ministered to Him during His temptation in the wilderness and they strengthened Him in Gethsemane. They also observed him during His death and resurrection. After He was put in a tomb, the angels rolled way the stone at the door of His tomb and they announced His resurrection and ascension. Angels were involved in His earthly ministry from beginning to end. This statement could even have in mind the worship given to the ascended Christ by angels in heaven.

Fourth, Jesus was proclaimed among the nations. After His resurrection, Jesus commissioned His disciples to go and make disciples of all nations. He commanded them to proclaim the message of His salvation to every tribe, nation and tongue. This is taking place. The gospel is being preached all over the world. This is our calling as the church and we fulfill our identity as “pillar and foundation of truth” as we do our share in making disciples from every nation, calling everyone to bow down before King Jesus, and teaching those who would heed the call to obey all the commandments of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Fifth, Jesus was believed on in the world. At the first public preaching of the gospel of Christ after the pouring out of the Spirit to the first disciples, 3,000 people believed and were saved. In the days that followed, thousands more believed. The gospel was spreading and God has ordained that everyone who believed in Jesus Christ will be saved. We proclaim faith in the person and work of Jesus Christ as the only means by which man can be saved. Not by good works or faith plus good works. Salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ alone is our message.

Sixth, Jesus was taken up in glory. This refers to the bodily ascension of the risen Christ. It shows that God was satisfied with His atoning work. Hebrews 1:3 says, “After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high.” Now He is at the right hand of the Father, with all authority in heaven and earth. And that authority He shares with the church by His Spirit.

This is the gospel in a nutshell. God in Jesus Christ became man. He died for our sins, triumphed over death, was honored by angels and feared by demons, and ascended into glory. This message has been preached all over the world and many have believed and been saved and empowered to live in holy obedience and service to Jesus Christ.

As believers in this day and age, you and I are proofs that Jesus is believed on in the world. That is why we ought to take the church seriously, to be strong in our proclamation of Jesus Christ, who is “the way, the truth, and the life.”

God's church is the chosen instrument to proclaim the saving truth of Christ. This is our identity. So let us consider seriously that as Christians, as people called and redeemed by God through faith in Christ, you and I are members of that institution that is the pillar and foundation of the truth. That’s our identity in Christ. And we ought to live accordingly by the power of the Spirit who is in us to bear witness for this truth.

Is there Meaning in Life?

One puzzling statement in the whole Bible is the refrain, “Meaningless! Meaningless! Everything is meaningless.” Or in some translations, "Vanity of vanities! All is vanity." Of course, we can’t take this statement absolutely. Otherwise, everything we say, including the previous statements and the ones that follow, will be nonsense.

The one who uttered these words on vanity identifies himself as ‘the Preacher’ or ‘Qoheleth.’ He also calls himself ‘the son of David’ (Ecc. 1:1). In the book of Ecclesiastes, where this refrain occurs some 35 times, the Preacher observes everything one can observe and experience in this world.

The Preacher talks about all kinds of things under the sun. From sunrise to sunset, birth to death, summer to fall, winter to spring, in war and in peace, sickness and health, poverty and riches, foolishness and wisdom, failure and success, pain and pleasure, in everything, the Preacher’s observation is that, on their own, these things mean nothing. They are like cycle that repeats itself… "a chasing after the wind." All of life is meaningless, useless, hollow, vain on its own.

However, at the end of the book of Ecclesiastes, the Preacher concludes that all these things are meaningful and beautiful only when they are viewed through the eyes of the One who created them, that is, God.

God has His own reason and purpose for everything, including war and suffering, poverty and prosperity, even the birth or death of a loved one. Only through the perspective of God, through the lens of His Word, is life worthwhile!

We may not know God’s purpose for our life of pain or failure now. However, that doesn’t mean that there’s no good reason for the things that happen to us or around us. There is! But they are known only to God.

Is God unfair then? May it never be! God may choose to keep it from us. But there are things that He reveals to us as human beings that we should do in order that our lives may be meaningful.

This is the Preacher’s conclusion of the whole matter. He says, “…Fear God, and keep His commandments; for this is the whole duty of man. For God will bring every deed into judgment, with every secret thing, whether good or evil” (Ecc. 12:13-14).

Fearing God in a good sense is the beginning of wisdom. “The Lord confides in those who fear Him; He makes His covenant known to them” (Ps. 25:14). Keeping God’s commandments is the result of fearing Him. The fear of the Lord leads to obedience to His will. Without the fear of the Lord, life is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.

Many people have lived and died in this world. But none has ever surpassed the influence of One man, both His preceding and succeeding generations. He exemplified the life of loving reverence and obedience to God. He is the man Christ Jesus. He is not just an ordinary man. He is also God.

Jesus is the Christ, the God-man who lived perfectly and gave true meaning of life. His obedience even unto death has given life - eternal life, which is knowledge of God and of His Son, to many. He gives joy and meaning to those who turn away from their sin and put their trust in Him.

Life doesn’t have to be hollow and meaningless. But apart from Christ Jesus, who is the only way to God, the truth that sets us free, and the source of eternal life, life itself will be meaningless and in vain. May Christ, who is our life, lead us to fear and obey God, by the power of the Holy Spirit!

The "Parousia" of the Lord as the Manifestation of His End-time Presence

Photo courtesy of Taavi Lehtimaki

In studying 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 (the so called "rapture" passage), I was helped by G. K. Beale's insight on how the resurrection of believers and the "parousia" of Christ are going to take place at the last day (see the parallel passage in 1 Cor. 15:51-52).

Beale says that the Lord Jesus "'will come' and first resurrect the believing dead and then raise up Christians still living. Even living Christians will experience a 'resurrection' in the sense that their old bodies will be transformed and renewed in the same manner as those bodies lying in the grave. All those resurrected 'will be with the Lord forever' (4:17)" (Beale, "1-2 Thessalonians," p. 136). These are the encouraging words that Paul wants his readers to "comfort one another" with (v. 18).

In this post, however, I want to focus on the coming of Christ. Beale admits that "[t]here is some question about whether or not Jesus literally 'will come down from heaven' (4:16)." He then adds that the "description of a descent from heaven here has been referred to in 4:15 as 'the coming of the Lord'" (ibid., p. 138).

Beale also explains that the word for "parousia" in verse 15 ordinarily means either "presence" or "coming." He then argues that the former meaning appears best in this context. "Comparing other descriptions of Christ's coming," he continues, "it is apparent that 'motion' from heaven down to earth may not be the precise way in which Christ manifests his end-time presence. Revelation 6:14 refers to the end of the present cosmos in terms of 'a scroll that has been split and each of the two halves then rolled up'...If John were living today, he might use the analogy of a stage curtain with pictures on it, which is drawn from both sides to reveal the actors behind it. In short, the present physical reality will in some way disappear and the formerly hidden heavenly dimension, where Christ and God dwell, will be revealed (see further Rev. 11:19; 19:11; 21:1-3)" (ibid.).

He further argues that "Paul is using the same imagery in 4:15-17. What has been traditionally understood as the second coming of Christ is best conceived as a revelation of his formerly hidden, heavenly 'presence.' The old-world reality will be ripped away, and the dimension of the new, eternal reality will appear along with Christ's 'presence.' The references to 'parousia' in 2:19, 3:13 and 5:23 also carry the same connotation" (ibid.).

This description of the "parousia" of Christ is more exegetically plausible for me than the "rapture" theory. The hidden and heavenly "presence" of Christ that Beale is talking about is always here with us. I tend to believe that in the "parousia" of the Lord, we shall simply see Him with our newly opened eyes as He's always been with us in the spiritual sense. For at His "parousia" we will no longer operate by faith but by sight.

Parallel to this, I was thinking of the experience of Elisha's servant in 2 Kings 6:15-23. Elisha understood (maybe he even saw) the unseen dimension around him while his servant did not. So when he prayed that the Lord would open the eyes of his servant that he might see the real but hidden presence of God, and the Lord answered Elisha's prayer, the servant saw "the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire" (v. 17) surrounding Elisha.

I think the coming of Christ will be similar to this. Once we have trained our spiritual eyes to the heavenly, though right now hidden, reality of Christ's presence around us, we shall not be moved or terrified when things around us are getting worse or become frightening. We need the Spirit of God and the mind of Christ always to be spiritually alert and awake. That way we will not be caught unaware and unprepared of the appearing (another word for the return) of the Lord.

The unfolding of the new creation, however, does not necessarily rule out the literal coming of the Lord Jesus to the earth. This is in keeping with the promise spoken by the two men dressed in white to the disciples regarding the return of the Lord in Acts 1:11. Acts 1:9 says that Christ was taken out of sight from the disciples by a cloud as He was being lifted up. The two men then appeared before the disciples who were gazing into heaven and said, "This Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will come in the same way as you saw him go into heaven” (Acts 1:11).

Beale was not contradicting this idea. He is simply saying that the "parousia" in 1 Thessalonians 4 context is better interpreted as "presence" rather than "coming." Either way, Christ's return is a great comfort for us because in His return we shall see Him and all the believers who went ahead of us in death. The saints who died will not be forgotten. They, too, will be gathered with us in the presence of the Lord and together we shall be with Him always and forever (1 Thess. 4:17).

God and His Saints Shall Triumph Over Sin, Satan, and Death

As I prepare for another overview lecture on the book of Revelation I came to chapter 20 again. Although there are issues that need to be sorted out in this chapter, it is such an edifying and encouraging study as the chapter tells us about the triumph of God and His people over their enemies.

The first heartening truth that comforts me a lot in this chapter is the coming to life and the reign of the saints who have died. These saints are described as "those who had been beheaded because of their testimony about Jesus and because of the word of God" and because "[t]hey had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not received its mark on their foreheads or their hands" (Rev. 20:4).

These saints are alive and are reigning with Christ in the heavenly realm (as the thrones in verse 4 indicate that they are in the heavenly realm having been beheaded).

Revelation 20 also portrays the binding and restraining of Satan. This binding of Satan is "to keep him from deceiving the nations" (v. 3) in order that the preaching of the gospel could progress to the nations throughout the world for a thousand years (v. 3) which period corresponds with the reigning of the souls of the beheaded saints with Christ (v. 4).

The chapter also talks about the release of Satan towards the end "for a little while" or "for a short time" (v. 3) in order to gather the unbelieving nations for the battle ('τὸν πόλεμον,' v. 8; see also Rev. 16:14; 19:19) against the people of God (v. 9).

Their huge gathering could be intimidating but their threat to the church will only be followed by the fire coming down from heaven devouring them (v. 9), casting the devil into the lake of fire and brimstone "where the beast and the false prophet had been thrown" (v. 10).

For the saints of the first century who were suffering under the fury of the devil and the beast and their earthly minions, this vision was comforting. They saw that their faithfulness even to the point of death was not pointless but was real victory over sin and death, and the devil himself.

Like their Lord Jesus, they conquer their enemy by dying. Their death ushered them into the glorious presence of Christ and they came out victorious through their death, just like their Lord and Master who conquered death by dying and coming back to life.

Thus, when it seems that evil is gaining the upper hand in our time, when wickedness seems to prosper, when saints seem to be defeated and the church oppressed by the enemies of the Lord, the message of Revelation 20 in particular gives hope to the suffering and oppressed church of Jesus Christ.

In times of apparent defeat, setback, and weakness, may God remind us of this biblical truth that in dying for Christ and for the sake of the gospel, we shall be victorious.

We need to remember that because of Christ’s decisive victory over sin and death, and over the devil, and in light of His glorious appearing, the church of Jesus Christ shall prevail in conquering and discipling the nations with the preaching of the gospel of the kingdom of God (Matt. 24:14).

In spite of the seemingly insurmountable oppositions, by the power of the Spirit of Christ, the Church shall advance and go forth with the gospel of salvation that even the gates of hell shall not prevail against it (Matt. 16:18).

Notwithstanding the cost – suffering, sacrifice, self-denial, even death – and the infirmities that afflict the bride of Christ in this world, and in spite of the harm that many false teachers and apostate churches are inflicting upon the cause of the gospel, the Church of our Lord Jesus shall fulfill her mission.

That mission is to call the nations to bow down and to submit to the authority of her Lord, Redeemer, and King (Matt. 28:18-20), who is the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David (Rev. 5:5), the Lamb who was slain from the foundation of the world (Rev. 13:8).

The message of Revelation in general and Revelation 20 in particular is that God and the Lamb shall triumph over the seemingly formidable and ruthless enemies of His people.

One commentator aptly summarized the message of Revelation 20 saying, “At history’s end the deceivers (dragon, beast, false prophets) will dupe the world’s kings and nations, gathering them to wage the war against Jesus and his people…Persecution is bad now, but it will get worse then, just before the end."

He then adds this encouraging message, "Yet even when Satan is unleashed to work his worst, it only will be for ‘a short time,’ and the outcome of the conflict is certain to be the defeat and destruction of dragon, beast false prophet, and all who worship and obey them. John has seen history’s ugly end: now he will see eternity’s beautiful beginning” (Dennis E. Johnson, “Triumph of the Lamb: A Commentary on Revelation,” 299-300).

Wish List of New Testament Commentaries for the Reformed Institute of Ministry

The following is a list of books we want to have at the Reformed Institute of Ministry (RIM) and, Lord willing, for the Heidelberg Theological Seminary (HTS) center in Davao City.


The New Testament commentaries included in this wish list were chosen mainly due to their generally conservative evangelical and Reformed perspective. The list includes introductory and advanced levels commentaries. Some of the commentaries require knowledge of the original language (Greek). Most are easily understandable and helpful for homiletical (preaching) and catechetical (teaching) purposes.

Lord willing, we will be able to strengthen our New Testament commentary collection at the RIM library as we acquire these commentaries in the near future. The Old Testament commentaries wish list has been published in this blog several years ago.


Matthew


1. R. T. France — The Gospel of Matthew (New International Commentary on the New Testament, 2007).

2. D. A. Carson — “Matthew” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary (1984).

3. Leon Morris — The Gospel According to Matthew (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 1992). 

4. Herman N. Ridderbos — Matthew (Bible Student's Commentary, 1987).

5. Daniel M. Doriani — Matthew: 2 Volume Set (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2008). 

6. Douglas Sean O'Donnell — Matthew: All Authority in Heaven and On Earth (Preaching the Word, 2013). 

Mark 

1. R.T. France — The Gospel of Mark (The New International Greek Testament Commentary, 2002). 

2. William L. Lane — The Gospel According to Mark (The New International Commentary on the New Testament, 1974). 

3. James R. Edwards — The Gospel According to Mark (The Pillar New Testament Commentary, 2002). 

4. C.E.B. Cranfield — The Gospel According to Mark (The Cambridge Greek Testament Commentary, 1959). 

5. Sinclair B. Ferguson — Let's Study Mark (Let's Study Series, 1999).

6. R. Kent Hughes — Mark: Jesus, Servant and Savior, 2 Volumes in 1 (Preaching the Word, 2015). 

Luke 

1. Darrell L. Bock — Luke 1:1-9:50; Luke 9:51-24:53 (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, 1994, 1996). 

2. Leon Morris — Luke (Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, 1988). 

3. William Hendriksen — Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke (New Testament Commentary, 1978). 

4. Philip Graham Ryken — Luke: 2 Volume Set (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2009). 

5. R. Kent Hughes — Luke:That You May Know the Truth, 2 Volumes in 1 (Preaching the Word, 2014). 

John 

1. D.A. Carson — The Gospel According to John (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 1990). 

2. Leon Morris — The Gospel According to John (New International Commentary on the New Testament, 1995). 

3. Herman Ridderbos — The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary (1997).

4. Andreas J. Kostenberger — John (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, 2004). 

5. R. Kent Hughes — John: That You May Believe, ESV Edition (Preaching the Word, 2014). 

6. Richard D. Phillips — John: 2 Volume Set (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2014). 

Acts 

1. Darrell L. Bock — Acts (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, 2007). 

2. F.F. Bruce — The Book of the Acts (New International Commentary on the New Testament, 1988). 

3. Derek W. H. Thomas — Acts (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2011). 

4. R. Kent Hughes — Acts: The Church Afire (Preaching the Word, 1996).

5. Dennis E. Johnson — Let's Study Acts (Let's Study Series, 2003).

6. John R. W. Stott — The Spirit, the Church, and the World (1990).

Romans 

1. Douglas Moo — The Epistle to the Romans (New International Commentary on the New Testament, 1996). 

2. John Murray. — The Epistle to the Romans (1960). 

3. Leon Morris — The Epistle to the Romans (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 1988). 

4. Thomas Schreiner — Romans (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, 1998). 

5. C.E.B. Cranfield - Romans 1-8; Romans 9-16 (International Critical Commentaries, 2004).

6. R. Kent Hughes — Romans: Righteousness from Heaven, ESV Edition (Preaching the Word, 2013). 

7. John R.W. Stott — Romans: God's Good News for the World (The Bible Speaks Today, 1995). 

1 Corinthians 

1. Anthony C. Thiselton — The First Epistle to the Corinthians (New International Greek Testament Commentary, 2000). 

2. Paul Barnett — 1 Corinthians (Focus on the Bible, 2004). 

3. Charles Hodge. — 1 & 2 Corinthians (Geneva Commentaries, 1857). 

4. Leon Morris — 1 Corinthians (Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, 1985). 

5. Richard L. Pratt Jr — 1 & 2 Corinthians (Holman New Testament Commentary, 2000). 

6. Stephen T. Um — 1 Corinthians: The Word of the Cross (Preaching the Word, 2015). 

2 Corinthians 

1. Paul Barnett — The Second Epistle to the Corinthians (New International Commentary on the New Testament, 1997). 

2. Charles Hodge — 1 & 2 Corinthians (Geneva Commentaries, 1857). 

3. Murray J. Harris — The Second Epistle to the Corinthians (New International Greek Testament Commentary, 2005). 

4. Colin Kruse — 2 Corinthians (Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, 1987). 

5. R. Kent Hughes — 2 Corinthians: Power in Weakness (Preaching the Word, 2006). 

Galatians 

1. Philip Graham Ryken — Galatians (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2005). 

2. F.F. Bruce — The Epistle to the Galatians (New International Greek Testament Commentary, 1982). 

3. Timothy George — Galatians (New American Commentary, 1994). 

4. Leon Morris — Galatians: Paul’s Charter of Christian Freedom (2003). 

5. Terry L. Johnson — Galatians: A Mentor Expository Commentary (2012). 

6. John R.W. Stott — The Message of Galatians (The Bible Speaks Today, 1968).

Ephesians 

1. Peter T. O’Brien — The Letter to the Ephesians (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 1999). 

2. Harold Hoehner — Ephesians: An Exegetical Commentary (2002). 

3. Sinclair B. Ferguson — Let's Study Ephesians (Let's Study Series, 2005). 

4. Frank Thielman - Ephesians (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, 2010). 

5. Bryan Chapell — Ephesians (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2009). 

6. R. Kent Hughes — Ephesians: The Mystery of the Body of Christ, ESV edition (Preaching the Word, 2013). 

Philippians 

1. Peter T. O’Brien — The Epistle to the Philippians (New International Greek Testament Commentary, 1991). 

2. Moises Silva — Philippians (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, 2005). 

3. Frank Thielman — Philippians (NIV Application Commentary, 1995). 

4. Dennis E. Johnson — Philippians (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2013). 

5. D. A. Carson — Basics for Believers: An Exposition of Believers (1996).

6. R. Kent Hughes — Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon: The Fellowship of the Gospel and The Supremacy of Christ (Preaching the Word, 2013). 

Colossians 

1. Peter T. O’Brien — Colossians-Philemon (Word Biblical Commentary, 1987). 

2. Douglas J. Moo — The Letters to the Colossians and to Philemon (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 2008). 

3. F.F. Bruce — The Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon, and to the Ephesians (New International Commentary on the New Testament, 1984). 

4. Murray J. Harris — Colossians and Philemon (Exegetical Guide to the Greek New Testament, 1991). 

5. R. Kent Hughes — Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon: The Fellowship of the Gospel and The Supremacy of Christ (Preaching the Word, 2013).

1 & 2 Thessalonians 

1. Gene L. Green — The Letters to the Thessalonians (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 2002). 

2. F.F. Bruce — 1 & 2 Thessalonians (Word Biblical Commentary, 1982). 

3. G.K. Beale — 1-2 Thessalonians (IVP New Testament Commentary, 2003). 

4. Leon Morris — The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians (New International Commentary on the New Testament, 1991). 

5. Richard D. Phillips — 1 and 2 Thessalonians (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2015).

6. James H. Grant Jr. — 1 - 2 Thessalonians: The Hope of Salvation (Preaching the Word, 2015). 

Pastoral Epistles 

1. George W. Knight, III — The Pastoral Epistles (New International Greek Testament Commentary, 1999). 

2. Philip H. Towner — The Letters to Timothy And Titus (New International Commentary on the New Testament, 2006). 

3. Philip Graham Ryken — 1 Timothy (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2007). 

4. John Calvin — 1 and 2 Timothy and Titus (Crossway Classic Commentaries, 1998). 

5. R. Kent Hughes and Bryan Chapell — 1 - 2 Timothy and Titus: Guard the Deposit (Preaching the Word, 2012). 

Philemon

1. Peter T. O’Brien — Colossians-Philemon (Word Biblical Commentary, 1987). 

2. Douglas J. Moo — The Letters to the Colossians and to Philemon (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 2008). 

3. R. Kent Hughes — Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon: The Fellowship of the Gospel and The Supremacy of Christ (Preaching the Word, 2013).

4. Benjamin L. Merkle, Alistair I. Wilson, et al. — Ephesians - Philemon (ESV Expository Commentary, 2018).

Hebrews 

1. William L. Lane — Hebrews 1-8; Hebrews 9-13 (Word Biblical Commentary, 1991). 

2. Philip E. Hughes — A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (1977). 

3. R. T. France — “Hebrews” in The Expositors Bible Commentary, Revised Edition (2006). 

4. Richard D. Phillips — Hebrews (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2006). 

5. R. Kent Hughes — Hebrews: An Anchor for the Soul, 2 Volumes in 1 (Preaching the Word, 2015). 

James 

1. Douglas Moo — The Letter of James (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 2000). 

2. Peter H. Davids — The Epistle of James (New International Greek Testament Commentary, 1982). 

3. Craig L. Blomberg and Mariam J. Kamell — James (Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, 2008). 

4. R. Kent Hughes — James: Faith that Works (Preaching the Word, 2015). 

5. Gordon Keddie — The Practical Christian: Message of James (Welwyn Commentary, 2004). 

6. Daniel M. Doriani - James (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2007). 

1 Peter 

1. Edmund Clowney — The Message of 1 Peter (The Bible Speaks Today, 1988). 

2. Karen Jobes — 1 Peter (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, 2005). 

3. Peter Davids — The First Epistle of Peter (New International Commentary on the New Testament, 1990). 

4. Daniel M. Doriani - 1 Peter (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2014). 

5. Wayne Grudem — 1 Peter (Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, 1988). 

2 Peter and Jude 

1. Gene L. Green — Jude and 2 Peter (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, 2008). 

2. Peter H. Davids — The Letters of 2 Peter and Jude (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 2006). 

3. Douglas J. Moo — 2 Peter, Jude (NIV Application Commentary, 1997). 

4. Thomas Schreiner — 1, 2 Peter, Jude (New American Commentary, 2003). 

5. David R. Helm — 1 - 2 Peter and Jude: Sharing Christ's Suffering (Preaching the Word, 2015). 

The Epistles of John 

1. Colin Kruse — The Letters of John (Pillar New Testament Commentary, 2000). 

2. Robert W. Yarbrough — 1-3 John (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, 2008). 

3. Gary M. Burge — Letters of John (NIV Application Commentary, 1996). 

4. Terry L. Johnson — 1, 2, 3 John: A Mentor Expository Commentary (2016). 

5. Douglas Sean O'Donnell — 1-3 John (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2017). 

6. John R. W. Stott — The Epistles of John (Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, 1964).

Revelation 

1. G.K. Beale — The Book of Revelation (New International Greek Testament Commentary, 1999). 

2. Stephen S. Smalley — The Revelation to John (2005). 

3. William Hendriksen — More Than Conquerors: An Interpretation of the Book of Revelation (2015). 

4. Dennis E. Johnson — The Triumph of the Lamb: A Commentary on Revelation (2001). 

5. Joel R. Beeke — Revelation (Lectio Continua Expository Commentary on the New Testament, 2016). 

6. Richard D. Phillips — Revelation (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2017). 

7. Vern S. Poythress — The Returning King: A Guide to the Book of Revelation (2000).

8. Richard Bauckham — The Climax of Prophecy: Studies on the Book of Revelation (1993).

9. Richard Bauckham — The Theology of the Book of Revelation (New Testament Theology, 1993).

The Work of Reformation Must Continue

One of the passages one could preach on the theme of reform or reformation is the narrative on King Josiah's reforms in Judah (2 Kings 22-23). I have done it a few times.

At a young age of eight, Josiah became king of Judah. And in spite of more than five decades of evil and wickedness that prevailed over Judah brought about by Josiah's father and grandfather, he did not continue in the wickedness of his father and grandfather but "did what was right in the eyes of the Lord and walked in all the ways of his father David."

Josiah started his reforms early in his life. But one event that made him even more zealous in bringing about the needed reform in the lives of God's people was the discovery or the recovery of the Book of the Law in the temple of the Lord. When that book, also called the Book of the Covenant, was read before King Josiah it brought him deep conviction leading him to respond in humility and obedience to the Word of the Lord.


God softened the heart of Josiah to obey the words written in the Book of the Law and to further the reforms all over Judah and Israel. He summoned all the people to obey God's covenant and commanded his officials to destroy every vistage of idolatry and everything in the land that does not conform to the Word of God.


Josiah's obedience to the covenant was genuine in spite of the impending judgment upon them. Dutch Reformed author S. G. De Graaf has written beautifully about this saying, "Josiah knew that the judgment upon Judah was sure to come, but he wanted to press ahead with the reformation of Judah anyway. In this he showed a diligence unmatched by any king before or after him. He did not declare that there's no point in reformation since it could not save Judah anyway. He wanted to go ahead with the reformation solely for the sake of the honor and righteousness of the Lord. The Lord has a right to be served, even if our service does not bring about our salvation" ("Promise and Deliverance," vol 2, 390, quoted in Dale Ralph Davis, "2 Kings: The Power and the Fury," 322-323).


The Prophet Isaiah prophesied about the Babylonian army coming to Jerusalem to destroy it. Jeremiah lived to see the desolation of Judah and Jerusalem. God's instrument of judgment upon His wayward people, the Babylonian army, was coming in spite of Josiah's reforms and in spite of the people's promise to obey the covenant.


God did not relent in sending judgment upon His people in spite of King Josiah's reforms. That's because the heart of many people was not changed. The landscape of Judah might have gone through significant change but the people's heart remained hard, unconvicted, and unrepentant of their sin.


According to Dr. Walter C. Kaiser Jr, while Joasianic reforms "were most successful outwardly, there is little evidence that any significant inward change took place among the people. The populace had come to treat the temple and God himself as a good luck charm; this led to the deceptive sloganeering that announced: 'The temple of Yahweh, the temple of Yahweh, the temple of Yahweh' (Jer. 7:3-4 author's translation)" ("A History of Israel," 393).


Again this tells us that while God uses His Word to bring about reformation and revival among His people that affect society, it may be the case that some, both among His people in particular and many in the world in general, will not be impressed by God's sovereign work of revival or judgment and will not amend their ways.


This serves as a warning for us who think that we are good and part of the people of God yet remain disobedient or unrepentant.


But to us who have been shown the greatness of our sin and misery and have tasted the goodness and grace of God in Christ and are united with Him by faith, we cannot remain in our sin. On the contrary, we will naturally produce the fruit of the Spirit in our lives learning to love the Lord with all our heart, mind, soul, and strength, and to love our neighbor the way we love ourselves.

Martin Luther on the Christian Life

Martin Luther's short treatise on Christian freedom, "The Freedom of a Christian," is probably one of the best and clearest treatises on the Christian life that I have read. In an easy to understand and persuasive prose, Luther sets forth the whole of the Christian life in two seemingly contradictory propositions: first, he says that a Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none; and second, he points out that a Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant of all, subject to all.

Luther draws from Pauline letters to show that these two theses are actually like two sides of a coin. In 1 Corinthians 9:19 Paul says, “For though I am free from all men, I have made myself a slave to all.” Luther also quotes Paul's words in his letter to the Romans saying, “Owe no one anything, except to love one another” (Rom. 13:8).

From these two passages and his understanding of the person and work of Jesus Christ, Luther argues that the foundational truth of the Christian life is that in Christ's death and resurrection we are justified and freed to serve God and others. We have been set free from the bondage and slavery of the law, sin, and Satan and we are now chained in freedom to obedience toward Christ. Freedom for the Christian is escape from the bondage of sin and submission to the yoke of Christ. It is only in submission and service to Christ where one is found truly free.

Luther then emphasizes the one thing needed for the believers to live by faith and continue in this freedom. He says, "One thing, and only one thing, is necessary for Christian life, righteousness, and freedom. That one thing is the most holy Word of God, the gospel of Christ, as Christ says, John 11:25, 'I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in me, though he die, yet shall live'; and John 8:36, 'So if the Son makes you free, you will be free indeed'; and Matt. 4:4, 'Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'"

Luther continues, "Let us then consider it certain and firmly established that the soul can do without anything except the Word of God and that where the Word of God is missing there is no help at all for the soul. If it has the Word of God it is rich and lacks nothing since it is the Word of life, truth, light, peace, righteousness, salvation, joy, liberty, wisdom, power, grace, glory, and of every incalculable blessing. This is why the prophet in the entire Psalm 119 and in many other places yearns and sighs for the Word of God and uses so many names to describe it.

"On the other hand, there is no more terrible disaster with which the wrath of God can afflict men than a famine of the hearing of his Word, as he says in Amos 8:11. Likewise, there is no greater mercy than when he sends forth his Word, as we read in Psalm 107:20: 'He sent forth his word, and healed them, and delivered them from destruction.' Nor was Christ sent into the world for any other ministry except that of the Word. Moreover, the entire spiritual estate - all the apostles, bishops, and priests - has been called and instituted only for the ministry of the Word.

"You may ask, 'What then is the Word of God, and how shall it be used, since there are so many words of God.' I answer: The Apostle explains this in Romans 1. The Word is the gospel of God concerning his Son, who was made flesh, suffered, rose from the dead, and was glorified through the Spirit who sanctifies. To preach Christ means to feed the soul, make it righteous, set it free, and save it, provided it believes the preaching."

"Faith alone," Luther adds, "is the saving and efficacious use of the Word of God, according to Rom. 10:9: 'If you confess with your lips that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.' Furthermore, 'Christ is the end of the law, that everyone who has faith may be justified' (Rom. 10:4). Again, in Rom. 1:17, 'He who through faith is righteous shall live.' The Word of God cannot be received and cherished by any works whatever but only by faith."

He then concludes, "Therefore it is clear that, as the soul needs only the Word of God for its life and righteousness, so it is justified by faith alone and not any works; for if it could be justified by anything else, it would not need the Word, and consequently it would not need faith" ("The Freedom of a Christian," from "Martin Luther: Selections From His Writings," ed. John Dillenberger, 54-55).

So You Want to Help Reforming Society?

If you think about it, many of the human instruments the Lord used to accomplish his divine purpose were not well-known. In His providence and by His grace He calls ordinary and unknown men or women (a few were even unnamed) to do exploits in order to advance His kingdom.


There are times when God uses the best and the brightest, the rich and the famous, in extraordinary circumstance, to do what He has decreed beforehand. But often times He accomplishes His greater agenda through ordinary folks and by usual means in a very common situation.


One keen observer of how God works in our world has this to say, "...God's program of redemption is all-encompassing. Wherever life has been corrupted, it needs to be reformed. Accordingly, a prime citizen of the kingdom will typically be a reform-minded citizen, looking for ways to address some of the deformities in human life and culture. As you know, reform happens in many ways. It may occur when a nation gets shamed into seeing its injustice...or its carelessness (think of new building codes that require wheelchair accessibility). It may occur when the conscientious efforts of good people in business, medicine, law, labor, education, and elsewhere gain sufficient momentum so as to make a positive difference in those fields.


"Some of these reforms are led by Christian people who genuinely hope for the kingdom of God. Some are led by non-Christian people moved by simple desire for truth or justice. Many are led by people with mixed motives. But every genuine advance toward shalom is led by the Holy Spirit, who promiscuously chooses instruments of God's peace. In any case, Christian people seek the gift of discernment to know when and how to join existing movements toward shalom and when and how to start new ones.


"But here a word of caution is in order. It's one thing to talk about reform, and another to do it. Christians have been good at talking, and writing, and talking some more. And some have been pretty good at doing, too. But it's possible for reform-minded people to overestimate their rhetoric and underestimate the job. Some social realities are extremely resistant to reform. Great money, power, or pleasure supports them. Great acceptance surrounds them. Long traditions sustain them. Some of these realities therefore seem irredeemable, or nearly so...take an old problem of which you may have recent memories: What would happen for high school students to quit forming into cliques that marginalize or even terrorize their weak or unpopular classmates?


"John Calvin believed that an unredeemed life keeps oscillating back and forth between pride ("I've made it!) and despair ("I'll never make it"). In his view, redemption gives people security, or (one of Calvin's favorite words) 'repose.' His idea was that those who lean into God's grace and let it hold them up can then drop some of their performance anxiety.


"Perhaps the same pattern holds for Christians' approach to reforming culture. On the one hand, we need to avoid triumphalism, the prideful view that Christians will fully succeed in transforming all or much of culture. No doubt triumphalists underestimate some of the difficulties. They may underestimate cultural ironies too. After all, the history of the world is full of revolutions that Christians hailed as part of the coming of God's kingdom, only to discover that the revolutions ended up generating as much tyranny as they displaced.


"On the other hand, we also need to avoid the despairing tendency to write the world off, to abandon it as a lost cause, and to remove ourselves to an island of like-minded Christians. The world, after all, belongs to God and is in the process of being redeemed by God. 'God so loved the world that he gave his only Son...in order that the world might be saved through him' (John 3:16-17). Indeed, God's plan is to gather up 'all things' in Christ. How bizarre it would be for Christians to turn their backs on this plan. How ungrateful it would be to receive the bread of life and then refuse to share it with others.


"As a matter of fact, Christians have been in a solid position where the reform of culture is concerned: we have been invited to live beyond triumphalism and despair, spending ourselves for a cause that we firmly believe will win in the end. So, on the one hand, we may take responsibility for contributing what we uniquely 'have' to contribute to the kingdom, joining with many others from across the world who are striving to be faithful, to add the work of their hands and minds to the eventual triumph of God.


"Meanwhile, none of us is stuck with trying to promote the kingdom of God with an occupation we can't stand. At one time people were born into their occupations, so that the son of a farmer, for example, was simply expected to take over the family farm. If he wanted to do something else with his life he was thought to be peculiar or, worse, traitorous. But, as Nicholas Wolterstorff has written, Reformed Christians of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries rejected the old idea that each of us is born to be just one thing - a butcher, a baker, a candlestick maker. Instead, each of us must find an occupation so intrinsically valuable and so naturally suited to us that, through it, we may add to the treasure of the kingdom. In fact, adds Wolterstorff, we must not only find an occupation to bring to the kingdom; we must 'shape' it to suit this purpose. The point is that occupations are often valuable to the kingdom, but only if we reform them. So in today's world, perhaps a Christian would shape the occupation of quality-control supervisor by encouraging whistle-blowers instead of retaliating against them...


"Only a few of us will launch great reform movements, and even fewer of us will do it deliberately. But all of us may offer our gifts and energies to the cause of God's program in the world. When we make this offering by means of an ordinary occupation, we will sometimes feel as if our 'lives' are very ordinary. No matter. An ordinary occupation done conscientiously builds the kingdom of God. Jesus built the kingdom as a carpenter before he built it as a rabbi. And he taught us in the parable of the talents that the question for disciples is not 'which' callings they have but how faithfully they pursue them..." (Cornelius Plantinga Jr., Engaging God's World: A Christian Vision of Faith, Learning, and Living, 117-121).

All Saints' Day and the Gospel of Christ

Today, November 1, is "All Saints' Day" or "Feast of All the Saints," a festival celebrated in many Christian churches (Roman Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, the Methodist Church, the Lutheran Church, and other Protestant churches) in honor of all the saints, known or unknown.


This celebration of All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day (November 2) "stems from a belief that there is a powerful spiritual bond between those saints who are already in heaven (the 'Church triumphant'), and the ones living here on earth (the 'Church militant')."


Living in a predominantly Roman Catholic country, All Saints' Day is a national holiday in the Philippines. Traditionally many Christians here, especially those of the Roman Catholic background, flock the cemeteries and other burial places visiting their departed loved ones at their grave.


Many graveyards turn into a picnic ground during this time of the year. While the intention of this celebration might be noble, one does not see its Scriptural warrant in doing so.


I am convinced, however, that we should be thankful that our loved ones who died in faith in our Lord Jesus Christ are now enjoying the comforting presence of their Redeemer. They are with the Lord waiting for the day of His appearance to the world and for the resurrection of their bodies.


To visit them at their grave is fine. But to remind ourselves of the finished work of Christ on their and our behalf is even better. And while they are now in the presence of the Lord, we who are still here on this earth have a calling to fulfill.


We are called and commissioned to make disciples from every nation making Christ known through the preaching of the gospel as clearly as we can. We are called to proclaim the glories of God in the work of Christ in order to dispel the darkness of ignorance of the truth of the Holy Scripture and to overcome the blindness of many because of sin and Satan's dominion.


As James Jordan rightly says, "The Festival of All Saints reminds us that though Jesus has finished His work, we have not finished ours. He has struck the decisive blow, but we have the privilege of working in the mopping up operation. Thus, century by century the Christian faith has rolled back the demonic realm of ignorance, fear, and superstition."


The Reformation churches all over the world have commemorated the 501st anniversary of the Protestant Reformation. We thank God for His Word that gave light, life, and hope to many who were groping in ignorance and fear, unsure if they could be accepted by God or not by their own sacrificial works.


We thank the Lord for raising men like Luther, Zwingli, Calvin, Bucer, Bullinger, Tyndale, Cranmer, and many others before and after them, "for paving the way for a host of new translations of the Hebrew and Greek Scripture into the language of the people." Their aim in doing so was that the people could read for themselves God's word about redemption and forgiveness of sins and "for restoring the preached Word to its central place in the life of the people of God!"


God has willed that Luther, as a perceptive and sensitive soul that he was, would understand the hopelessness and helplessness of the human race before a righteous and holy God. Thus, Luther's restlessness has providentially been used by God to ignite the fire of the Reformation.


This Reformation spread and affected many parts of Europe, and even the rest of the world, that neither disease nor death, not even sword or Satan can stop the burning passion of the Reformers to proclaim the blazing sword of the Spirit that cuts the heart of sinners, on the one hand, and brings healing and comfort to their weary souls, on the other hand.


Today, while many will congregate at the burial grounds and memorial gardens all over the Philippines and enjoy the company of family members and relatives around the grave of their dead loved ones, a few of us will gather together to thank God and to remind ourselves of His work in saving His people by His grace through the finished work of Christ.


We do this to challenge ourselves to the remaining task of bringing to the nations the good news of redemption in Christ, who is the Lord and Redeemer of mankind and the only way to the Father (John 14:6).

Reformation Church History Quiz Answer Key

Here's the answer key to the Reformation Church History quiz.


Test I. Multiple Choice.

1. B

2. C

3. C

4. B

5. B


Test II. Identification.


1. Ulrich Zwingli

2. Institutes of the Christian Religion

3. John Wycliffe

4. Zacarias Ursinus and Caspar Olevianus

5. Possible answers: Thomas Cranmer, Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley, John Hooper, John Rogers, John Lawrence, Robert Ferrar, John Bradford, Robert Samuel, John Philpot, and many more

6. Hugh Latimer

7. Martin Bucer

8. Sola Fide or Faith Alone

9. The Scots Confession. The six men who wrote it in four days were John Knox, John Winram, John Spottiswoode, John Willock, John Douglas, and John Row.



Bonus Questions. True or False.

1. F.

2. F. The first Reformed churches were established in the Swiss region.

Reformation Church History Quiz

This quiz is just for fun. Whosoever may take it. No googling or checking any Church History book, please.

Test I. Multiple Choice. Choose and encircle the letter of the right answer.

1. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe Martin Luther?
A. He authored the 95 Theses which expressed grave concerns about the selling of indulgences.
B. He was an English reformer whose body was exhumed and then burned for heresy.
C. He sparked the Protestant Reformation.
D. He experienced a spiritual crisis that consumed him with the fear that he could never overcome his sins.
E. He was a monk and professor of theology in Wittenberg, Germany.

2. What invention helped to spread the ideas and teachings of the Reformation?
A. The paint brush
B. The horse carriage
C. The printing press
D. The postal system
E. The internet

3. For the most part, what was the Protestant Reformation all about?
A. An attempt to overthrow the Italian pope and replace him with a Frenchman.
B. A call for Christian Europe to reclaim the Holy Lands from the Arabs.
C. An attempt to reform practices and beliefs by the Roman Catholic Church considered corrupt and unscriptural.
D. A drive to evangelize the whole European countries.
E. A campaign to make Martin Luther the head of the Protestant churches.

4. The English Reformation began in 1533 when King Henry VIII broke with the pope because...
A. The pope taxed the Church too high.
B. The pope refused to grant Henry a divorce from Catherine of Aragon.
C. The pope sided with the Irish in a revolt against England.
D. There were differences in religious interpretation of the Bible.
E. The church in England wanted independence from the medieval Catholic Church.

5. Which pope issued the papal bull "Exsurge Domine" in 1520 condemning Martin Luther of his attacks against the indulgences in his 95 Theses and threatening him of excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church?
A. Pius IX (Pio Nono)
B. Leo X
C. John Paul I
D. Alexander IV
E. Benedict XV


Test II. Identification. Write your answer on the space provided.

___________________________ 1. Who was the leader of the early 16th century Protestant Reformation movement in German-speaking Zurich, Switzerland? He was also a chaplain who accompanied the Protestant army to war. He died in a battle near Kappel in the Swiss region.

___________________________ 2. What is the title of the book that John Calvin wrote in the spring of 1536 while he was exiled in Basel, Switzerland. The book is considered as 'the greatest exposition of evangelical truth produced by the Reformation' (B. K. Kuiper, "The Church in History," p. 252).

__________________________ 3. He is considered "The Morning Star of the Reformation." He was an English priest and theologian in the 1300s known best for his role in translating the Bible from Latin into the common language. As a critic of the Catholic Church, he is usually considered an early Reformer.

__________________________ 4. Who are the principal authors of the Heidelberg Catechism which is one of the well-loved confessions of the Reformed churches?

__________________________ 5. Name at least one martyr burned at stake during the reign of Mary Tudor known as "Bloody Mary" of England.

__________________________ 6. Which English Protestant bishop said these courageous and comforting words while being burned at a stake with his fellow martyr: "This day we shall light such a candle, by God's grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out."

__________________________ 7. He was a German Protestant Reformer based in Strasbourg. His teachings are influential among the Lutherans, Calvinists, and Anglicans. He was originally a member of the Dominican Order but after meeting and being influenced by Martin Luther in 1518 he arranged for his monastic vows to be annulled. He then began to work for the Reformation, with the support of a German knight, Franz von Sickingen.

__________________________ 8. It is the Protestant doctrine that salvation is not by our good works nor by our own sacrifices, such as doing penance or buying indulgences, but by trusting the person and finished work of our only Mediator and Redeemer Jesus Christ.

__________________________ 9. This Confession of faith was written by six leaders of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland all named John. It was the first subordinate standard for the Protestant church in Scotland. Along with the Book of Discipline and the Book of Common Order, this is considered to be a formational document for the Church of Scotland during that time.


Bonus Questions: TRUE or FALSE. Write T if the statement is True and F if it's false.


________ 1. The Diet of Worms was when Martin Luther had to eat only worms while in prison.

________ 2. The first Reformed churches were established in the Netherlands.

Repentance

"When our Lord and Master, Jesus Christ, said 'repent,' he meant that the entire life of believers should be one of repentance." This is the first proposition that the 16th century Augustinian monk, Martin Luther, wrote in his 'Ninety-Five Theses' which he posted on the eve of All Saints' Day of 1521 at the door of the castle church at Wittenberg, Germany. These 95 theses set the flame of the Reformation in Europe ablaze.

Repentance is an important Christian doctrine for "God commands all people everywhere to repent" (Acts 17:30). At some point in medieval period the biblical idea of repentance was misunderstood. As Dr. Sinclair B. Ferguson rightly observes, "The gospel called not for an act of penance but for a radical change of mind-set and an equally deep transformation of life" ("Here We Stand: A Call from Confessing Evangelicals," 132). Many scholars have observed that the word "repentance" is used many times and described using different metaphors (including plowing, circumcising, turning, and returning) in the Holy Scripture.

One of the ways repentance is used in the Old Testament has the idea of returning to "the provisions and prescriptions of God's bond." Dr. Ferguson adds that "to repent" is even "used to describe the return of God's people from geographical exile (e.g., Isa. 10:21-22), and in many ways this provides us with a helpful metaphor to understand what repentance is. Just as restoration from exile means returning geographically from the far country to the sphere where God has covenanted to fulfill his promise of blessing, so repentance from sin means returning from the far country of bondage in sin and guilt to the place where God has promised to fulfill his covenanted blessings - and all based on the promise of God's free mercy and grace (cf. Deut. 30:11)....

"Biblical repentance, then, is not merely a sense of regret that leaves us where it found us; it is a radical reversal that takes us back along the road of our sinful wanderings, creating in us a completely different mind-set: We come to our senses spiritually (cf. Luke 15:17). No longer is life characterized by the demand 'give me' (Luke 15:12) but now by the request 'make me' (Luke 15:19)" ("Here We Stand," 133).

The Recovery of the Gospel

In his introduction to John Owen's "The Death of Death in the Death of Christ," Dr. J. I. Packer says, “One of the most urgent tasks facing the evangelical church today is the recovery of the Gospel.”


Dr. Packer first made this statement in 1958, but I do believe that that is still true and probably even more urgent now than before. I thank the Lord that there is an increasing interest in many churches today, especially among young people, in learning gospel truths.


There is also a growing movement within the evangelical community that aims at recovering and propagating the old gospel truth that centers on God and His redemptive work in the person and work of Christ. Books, blogs, podcasts, and internet articles about the gospel are reaching many people in our time opening their eyes and ears to the amazing grace of God in saving sinners through the finished work of Jesus Christ.


Instrumental in popularizing these gospel truths among the evangelical youth and young ministers of today are Michael Horton, the late R. C. Sproul and James Montgomery Boice, John MacArthur, John Piper, J. I. Packer, Paul Washer, Joel Beeke, Kevin DeYoung, Mark Jones, Tim Challies, and many others, including the works of Ligonier Ministries, Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals, TGC, and several ministries. Through the writings and publications of these authors and gospel-centered organizations there is an ongoing revival of the truths of the gospel in the lives of many people in our generation.


It is my prayer that the Spirit of God would sustain this steady stream of gospel-centered preaching and teaching in the church of Jesus Christ all over the world. I hope that the urgent task that Dr. Packer was talking about some 60 years ago will be fulfilled in our time, that is, the recovery and the propagation of the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ for the salvation of many to the glory of God.


This gospel, in one of its multi-faceted truths, tells us that the God who created the world, this sovereign and holy God has provided for us sinners a substitute sin-bearer in the person of His Son. Jesus Christ, God’s only Son is the perfect high priest who made a once-for-all sacrifice for our sin. He carried all our sin upon his shoulder and nail them at the cross canceling all our debts and reconciled us back to this holy God. He offered himself in our place at the cross to save us who deserve the wrath and just condemnation of God.


Like a precious diamond, the gospel is a many-faceted truth. It is taught and proclaimed in the pages of the Holy Scripture. It is also portrayed through various stories in the Bible, the written Word of God, of which the Parable of the Prodigal Son is one of my favorite narratives.


In one controversial book written in history, the author explains the gospel by saying, “[T]he Gospel is a doctrine revealed from heaven by the Son of God, immediately after the fall of mankind into sin and death; and afterwards it was manifested more clearly and fully to the patriarchs and prophets, to the evangelists and apostles, and by them it was spread abroad to others. In this gospel, freedom from sin, from the curse of the law, from the wrath of God, death, and hell, is freely promised for Christ’s sake to all who truly believe on his name” (Edward Fisher, “The Marrow of Modern Divinity,” 208).